Hardcore was heavily involved in the rise of the independent record labels in the 1980s and with the DIY ethics in underground music scenes. Hardcore has spawned the straight edge movement and its associated sub-movements, hardline and youth crew. Hardcore sprouted underground scenes across the United States in the early 1980s, particularly in Los Angeles, San Francisco, Washington, D.C., Boston, and New York, as well as in Canada and the United Kingdom. Hardcore punk generally disavows commercialism, the established music industry and 'anything similar to the characteristics of mainstream rock' and often addresses social and political topics with 'confrontational, politically-charged lyrics.' and New York punk rock and early proto-punk. Its roots can be traced to earlier punk scenes in San Francisco and Southern California which arose as a reaction against the still predominant hippie cultural climate of the time. It is generally faster, harder, and more aggressive than other forms of punk rock. Hardcore punk (also known as simply hardcore) is a punk rock music genre and subculture that originated in the late 1970s.